Generally, ordinary directly buried prefabricated insulation pipe, when using common insulation materials, can withstand a maximum temperature of around 120 degrees Celsius. Within this temperature range, the insulation material has a stable structure, maintains good insulation and physical properties, and ensures the normal operation of the pipeline. High-temperature resistant directly buried prefabricated insulation pipe produced using special formulas and processes can withstand temperatures up to 150°C or even higher. However, it should be noted that prolonged exposure to extremely high temperatures will accelerate the aging of insulation materials, leading to a decline in insulation performance. It may also affect the performance of the outer protective pipe and steel pipe, shortening the service life of the pipeline. In practical applications, it is necessary to accurately select the appropriate type of directly buried prefabricated insulation pipe based on the temperature of the conveyed medium to ensure that the pipeline operates within a safe temperature range.

Based on manufacturing processes, steel sheet piles are mainly divided into hot-rolled and cold-formed types. The main cross-sectional shapes are U-shaped and Z-shaped to meet different engineering requirements.

Hot-rolled Sheet Piles

Hot-rolled sheet piles are rolled at high temperatures (above approximately 1000℃). They are characterized by dense structure, high strength, and good durability, making them suitable for large-scale engineering projects with high requirements for bearing capacity and service life.

Hot-rolled U-shaped Steel Sheet Piles

These U-shaped piles have parallel flanges, excellent bending resistance, and strong lateral stability. They are easy to install and can be driven into dense soil layers. They are suitable for deep foundation pit support, port wharves, permanent retaining walls, etc. In some projects, concrete can be poured into the U-shaped piles to further improve their stiffness and strength.

Hot-rolled Z-shaped Steel Sheet Piles

These piles use a "Z"-shaped cross-section with interlocking joints on the outer flanges. They have a higher section modulus per unit width and superior bending resistance. Under the same engineering conditions, Z-shaped piles can reduce the number of piles and lower costs. They are particularly suitable for deep foundation excavation, riverbank protection, large breakwaters, and other applications subject to significant lateral loads.

Cold-formed steel sheet piles

Cold-formed steel sheet piles are formed at room temperature through cold working, offering advantages such as lightweight structure, low cost, and ease of transportation and installation. They are commonly used in small to medium-sized or temporary engineering projects.

Cold-formed U-shaped steel sheet piles

Their cross-section is similar to that of hot-rolled U-shaped steel, but with thinner walls. Suitable for temporary cofferdams, small retaining walls, landscaping projects, or light flood control applications, they offer excellent cost-effectiveness.

Cold-formed Z-shaped steel sheet piles

The Z-shaped cross-section structure combines mechanical advantages with enhanced flexibility and adaptability, capable of accommodating moderate ground deformation. They are commonly used for building fencing, temporary excavations, and emergency flood control projects, and are easy to disassemble and reuse.

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